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Vebs: Present Perfect

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Vebs: Present Perfect Empty Vebs: Present Perfect

Post by Kangas Thu Nov 09, 2017 8:22 am

English/Inglês
Present Perfect

Explanation/Explicação
The Present Perfect is a tense composed by the auxiliary verb to have (have/has) and the past participle of the main verb. Example: Karen has lost her keys.

Here’s the situations where we should use the Present Perfect:


  • For a situation in the past that has always connection with the present, now. This means that a situation in the past, still affects the present.
    Example:  Karen has lost her keys. (she still haven’t got them now)
  • We also use the Present Perfect to announce or give information about a recent happening.
    Example: The police have arrested three men in connection to the terrorist attack.  (The men were arrested recently, there is a recent happening)
  • The Present Perfect can be used with the words just, already and yet. These words are used according to the situation.

             

                 
  1. We use the word just to talk about something that happened a short time ago.
                  Example: I’ve just finished my homework. (I’ve finished it a few minutes ago)
                 
  2. We use already to talk about something that happened sooner than expected.
                  Example: “Please don’t forget to post my letter” “I’ve already posted it.” (He posted the letter earlier than expected)
                 
  3. We use the word yet to talk about something that is expected to happen, and didn’t until now. It is only used in questions or negative sentences.
    Examples: [/color]Have they paid you yet? (question … rain is expected        to stop)
    I’ve sent them the invoice but they haven’t paid me yet.    (negative sentence … they are expected to pay but haven’t until now)


NOTE: There is a difference when using the present perfect with be verb to be (been) and the verb to go (gone). We use the verb to go (gone) when we want to talk about something that is happening at the time of speech. But we use to verb to be (been) to talk about something that has happened but is not happening anymore.
Examples: Sarah is away on holiday. She has gone to the Gold Coast.
Mark is back from his holiday. He has been to Japan.


  • We use the present perfect to talk about a period of time that started in the past but it continues until the time of speaking (now).
    Examples: I’ve never had a car. (never in his life)
    I’ve been to Japan. (I’ve been once in my life)
    I’ve never been to Italy (never in my life)
  • We use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in a specific period of time that continues until the time of speaking. This period of time can be specified by using expressions like recently, in the last few days, so far, since breakfast or others.
    Examples: Have you heard from Kylie recently?
    I’ve walked a lot in the last few days.
    He hasn’t had any problems so far.

  • When these periods of time still haven’t finished at the time of speech, we use the present perfect with the words today, this morning, this evening or others.
    Examples: Tom hasn’t come to work today. He is sick (the day hasn’t finished)
    I’ve read 4 chapters of the book this morning.
    I haven’t seen Mary this evening.


NOTE: we use the present perfect to talk about something that happened for the first time. We don’t use the simple present.
Examples: It’s the first time Joanne has driven a car. (she has never driven before)


Kangas
Source: New English Grammar in Use – 2nd Edition
Kangas
Kangas

Posts : 281
Join date : 2008-10-23
Age : 47
Location : Sydney - Australia

http://www.updatedwords.com

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